important things usually left in inorganic.

SECONDARY FORCES:

These forces decide the physical properties of the molecule like boiling point, meltiing point, refractive index, viscoscity and solubility

1. HYDROGEN BOND:

it is a type of dipole dipole interaction...

it is only shown by N, O , F

to learn it...

hydrogen ne FON (phone) lagaya to H-bonding hui.

NOTE: boiling point of water is greater than HF and NH3 exceptionally.

Q. Enthalpy of vapourization of H2O is greater than HF. WHY?

A. water evaporates as a monomer so we have to break all the H bonds but HF evaporates in the form of a dimer so we have to break less bonds.

(draw the diagram...it'll be clear to you at once)

2.INTRA MOLECULAR HYDROGEN BOND:

It is the hydrogen bond formed within the molecule:

example o-nitrophenol

meta and para isomers don't form intermolecular H-bond.

APPLICATIONS:

1. Boiling Point inter molecular H-bond

1/ intramolecular H bond Solubility

3. VISCOSCITY No. of H bonds Molecular weight

4. ACIDIC NATURE less H-bonds

Q.Paranitrophenol is more acidic than orthonitrophenol?

A. in orthonitrophenol due to intramolecular H-bonding a strong cyclic ring caleed as chelate is formd which provides extra stability to the molecule.

To phir khud hi soch lo wo apna H kyun dega.

kyunki agar usne H de diya to chelate ring toot jayegi.

1st disassociation of maleic acid is grtr dn fumaric acid because it acquires stability due to the chelate formation but the 2nd disassociation of maleic acid is less dn the fumaric acid

ALCOHOLS ARE SOLUBLE IN WATER DUE TO H-BOND.